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Kategorie: Wirtschaftssystem §123-169

Das Kalifat (Kalifatsstaat), die Verfassung, Artikel 154: Angestellte bei Privatpersonen oder Unternehmen sind in allen Rechten und Pflichten den Angestellten beim Staat gleichgestellt. Jeder, der für einen Lohn arbeitet, ist ein Angestellter, wie sehr sich auch die Art der Tätigkeit oder der Arbeitnehmer unterscheidet. Gibt es Differenzen zwischen dem Arbeitnehmer und dem Arbeitgeber über den Lohn, wird nach dem allgemeinen Standard entschieden. Haben sie eine andere Differenz, wird nach dem Arbeitsvertrag gemäß den islamischen Gesetzen entschieden.

 

Article 154: Company employees and those employed by individuals have the same rights and duties as employees of the State. Everyone who works for a wage, irrespective of the nature of the work, is considered an employee. In matters of dispute between employers and employees over salary levels, the salary level is to be assessed on the basis of the market. If they disagree over something else, the employment contract is to be assessed according to the rules of the Shari’ah.

 

Its evidence is the evidence for hiring, since the employee is hired; Allah (swt) said:

((فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ))

And if they breastfeed for you, then give them their paymen.” (TMQ 65:6), and the Prophet said in a Qudsi narration:

«قَالَ اللهُ: ثَلاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»

Allah said: I am the opponent of three on the Day of Resurrection” until he said:

«وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا فَاسْتَوْفَى مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُعْطِ أَجْرَهُ»

and a man who hires a worker, makes use to him, then does not give him his wages.” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Abu Hurayrah).

If the salary was not known, the contract of employment is legitimately contracted and if there is a dispute over its value then its calculation is referred to the market value. So, if the salary is not mentioned in the employment contract, or if the employee and employer differed over the mentioned salary, then the market salary level is referred to, and that is analogous to the issue of marriage dowry. When the dowry is not explicitly mentioned, or there is a dispute over it, then the custom is the referee. This is based upon what was reported by Al-Nisa’i and Al-Tirmidhi who said it was Hasan Sahih:

«عَن ابْنِ مَسْـعُودٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقًا وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: لَهَا مِثـْلُ صَدَاقِ نِسَائِهَا لا وَكْسَ وَلا شَطَطَ، وَعَلَيْهَا العِدَّةُ وَلَهَا المِيرَاثُ، فَقَامَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الأَشْجَعِيُّ فَقَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ((حَمْلَهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ)) فِي بِرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ امْرَأَةٍ مِنَّا مِثْلَ الَّذِي قَضَـيْتَ، فَفَرِحَ بِهَا ابْنُ مَسْـعُودٍ»

“Ibn Mas'ud was asked about a man who married a woman and he did not stipulate the dowry for her, and he did not enter into her until he died. So Ibn Mas'ud said: "She gets the same dowry as other women, no less and no more, she has to observe the Iddah, and she gets inheritance." So Ma'qil bin Sinan Al-Ashja'I stood and said: "The Messenger of Allah judged the same as you have judged regarding Birwa Bint Washiq, a woman of ours." So Ibn Mas'ud was happy about that”, and the meaning of his words: “she has the dowry of her women” is in other words, the dowry similar to women like her. So the Shari’ah made the dowry of someone similar obligatory for the one whose dowry was not mentioned, and the same occurs if there was a dispute over the dowry mentioned. As the dowry is a necessary exchange upon which the marriage contract is based, every type of necessary exchange upon which a contract is based is made analogous to it, without looking at what is given for this compensation, whether it was money as in a sale, or a benefit or effort as in employment or a gift as in the marriage contract.