Das Kalifat (Kalifatsstaat), die Verfassung, Artikel 41: Allein das Mazalim-Gerichtentscheidet, ob eine derartige Veränderung im Zustand des Kalifen eingetreten ist, die ihn aus dem Kalifat ausschließt oder nicht. Dieses Gericht allein besitzt die Befugnis zu seiner Absetzung oder Verwarnung.

 

 Article 41: The court of the Madhalim (injustices) is the only authority that can decide whether the change in the situation of the Caliph (Khalifah) removes him from the leadership or not, and it is the only authority that has the power to remove or warn him.

The evidence is that the occurrence of any issue from the issues that the Caliph (Khalifah) is removed for and those for which his removal is deserved, is a complaint from the injustices, and so it must be removed. And in the same manner it is one of the issues that require confirmation, and so it is imperative to be established in front of a judge. Since the court of Madhalim (injustices) is the one which rules to remove the injustices, and its judge is the one who has the power to confirm the injustice and rule upon it, accordingly the court of Madhalim decides whether any of the previous ten circumstances have occurred or not, and whether the Caliph (Khalifah) is removed.

However, if the Caliph (Khalifah) is afflicted by any of the circumstances and removes himself, then the issue is closed, and if the Muslims see that it is necessary for him to be removed due to this situation occurring and he disagrees with them, then the issue is referred to judgement due to the words of Allah (swt)

((فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ))

And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger.(TMQ 4:59); in other words, if you and the people of authority disagreed, and this is a disagreement between the person of authority and the Ummah, and to refer it to Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw) is to refer it to judgement, or in other words, the court of the Madhalim.

The Madhalim court has the power to limit the period of notice to remove the mastery over him, or the period of grace for freeing him from imprisonment, during which the temporary leader would work, and after if the Caliph (Khalifah) then could carry out his powers without being under the mastery of others or imprisoned, then the work of the temporary leader would end. If the mastery over him or imprisonment did not end, then the court would rule to remove him, and the temporary leader would begin the process of appointing the new Caliph (Khalifah).