Das Kalifat (Kalifatsstaat), die Verfassung, Artikel 110: Holt der Kalif die Meinung des Madschlis al-Umma in Fragestellungen ein, bei denen die Schura (Schūrā) verbindlich ist, wird die Mehrheitsmeinung übernommen, und zwar abgesehen davon, ob sie richtig oder falsch ist. In allen anderen Fragen, die zur unverbindlichen Schura (Schūrā) zählen, wird nach der Wahrheit gesucht, abgesehen von jeglichen Mehrheits- oder Minderheitsverhältnissen. 

 

Article 110: The issues which fall under consultation (Shura) are decided by the opinion of the majority without considering whether it is correct or incorrect. As for any other issues which fall under Shura, the correct opinion is sought without any consideration given to the majority or minority.

The evidence for this is the actions of the Messenger صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم, since in the Battle of Uhud he صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم took the opinion of the majority, while in the Battle of Badr he صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم took the opinion of Al-Hubab Bin Al-Munthir and left his صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم own opinion, and did not refer to the opinion of the majority. In the Expedition of Hudaybiyah he صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم held onto his صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم own opinion alone and paid no attention to the opinions of Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra). In fact, he صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم did not pay attention to the opinion of all the Muslims, and forced them to abide by his صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم opinion even though they hated it. So if these three actions are compared with the words of the Messenger صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم to Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra),

«لَوِ اجْـتَمَعْـتُمَا فِي مَشُورَةٍ مَا خَالَفْـتُكُمَا»

“If the two of you agree in Mashura I will not differ with you” (reported by Ahmad),and with the words of Allah (swt)

((وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ))

And consult them in the matter.(TMQ 3:159)and

((وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ))

And whose affair is [determined by] consultation among themselves.(TMQ 42:38), then the explanation of the meaning of the two verses and the narration is that whatever is like the example of the situation of Al-Hudaybiyah, which is where the Shari’ah rule is apparent, then it is of the power of the Khalifah to act upon it, and Shura in the issue is not binding. Whatever is similar to the situation of Badr, where the issue requires insight and thought, or where the proposing of an opinion was in a specialist issue, then the correct opinion is sought without any consideration for whether it was the opinion of the majority or of a single person. And whatever is similar to the situation of Uhud, which is the opinion regarding actions, then the opinion of the majority is followed; this is what falls under the category of “Mashurah” and the meaning of the words of the Prophet (saw) to Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra)

«لَوِ اجْـتَمَعْـتُمَا فِي مَشُورَةٍ مَا خَالَفْـتُكُمَا»

“If the two of you agree on an issue I consult you on (Mashura) I will not differ with you” (reported by Ahmad).